The article systematises a 40-instrument Isan orchestra without Western instruments, covering folk-melody motifs, counterpoint, polyphony, voice-leading, orchestration grids and seating for acoustic balance.
Key findings
- The framework creates multi-tonal orchestral texture using Isan instruments alone and translates oral repertoire into a repeatable large-ensemble notation system.
Why this matters globally
It offers a model for international visibility without replacing Indigenous timbre and contributes to decolonial music-education debates.
Thai researcher contribution
An all-Mahasarakham team developed the framework from Isan musical heritage and ensemble practice.
Limitations to consider
Claims of verification and replicability lack reported criteria, assessors or acoustic measures. Standardisation may constrain oral flexibility and requires community knowledge-rights governance.