The study identified 27 barriers to biofuel adoption through literature review and expert consultation, grouped them into six categories, and applied fuzzy DEMATEL to rank them and map cause–effect relationships. Sensitivity analysis assessed ranking robustness, offering a structured basis for targeted policy and industry responses.
Key findings
- Twenty-seven barriers were organised into six broad categories. • DEMATEL distinguished causal barriers from downstream effects. • Sensitivity analysis tested the stability of the priority ordering.
Why this matters globally
The framework can support policy sequencing where biofuel barriers interact, but expert-derived rankings should be combined with country-specific cost, technology, feedstock, and environmental evidence.
Thai researcher contribution
Baranitharan Paramasivam and Malinee Sriariyanun of King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok contributed a decision framework for biofuel and energy-transition planning.
Limitations to consider
DEMATEL reflects expert judgement and the selected literature rather than observed adoption outcomes. Rankings may change across countries, technologies, time periods, and expert panels.