A community-scale smokeless vertical kiln operating at 415–435 °C for 150–180 minutes yielded 23.3–28.3% corncob biochar. The product contained about 71% carbon, had a moderately alkaline pH and macroporous structure, and showed moderate stability indicators. Theoretical sequestration was estimated at 0.69–0.74 tCO2-eq per tonne of dry feedstock.
Key findings
- The 150-minute treatment produced the highest yield among tested conditions. • Carbon content, alkalinity, and pore structure suggest soil-amendment potential. • Carbon sequestration remains a theoretical estimate pending direct emissions and field measurement.
Why this matters globally
An accessible kiln could help reduce open residue burning while producing a carbon-rich material for smallholders in Southeast Asia. Its wider climate value depends on confirming agronomic effects, air emissions, and life-cycle carbon performance.
Thai researcher contribution
Researchers from Rajamangala University of Technology Isan and Kasetsart University evaluated the system under community-scale conditions, linking Thai challenges in residue burning, farm waste, and smallholder economics.
Limitations to consider
Results are specific to corncob feedstock and product characterisation. Crop response, soil performance, kiln emissions, and full life-cycle impacts were not directly tested.
Verify the original sources
SustainabilitySustainability↗DOI: 10.3390/su18147177