An optimized, greener extraction recovered more total flavonoids than the conventional method. HPLC-DAD and LC-MS then profiled okra flavonoids, including quercetin and catechin derivatives. PCA explored variation and LDA classified country of origin, locations within Thailand and one-versus-all tasks, with reported classification and prediction accuracy of 80-100%. This is promising for geographical-indication support but needs independent, multi-season validation.
Key findings
- The optimized extraction improved flavonoid recovery and greenness. • HPLC/LC-MS fingerprints distinguished origins. • LDA reported 80-100% accuracy across subtasks.
Why this matters globally
Chemical fingerprints could strengthen GI authentication and local value, provided sampling standards and continuously updated reference databases are established.
Thai researcher contribution
Chulalongkorn University and BIOTEC combine analytical chemistry and data science for agricultural-origin authentication.
Limitations to consider
Sample count, split design and external validation are not stated; profiles may vary by season, cultivar, soil and post-harvest handling.