Comparison of Preoperative Nutritional Assessment Tools for Predicting Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Older Adults Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Information from the abstract

Background/Objectives: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are a major source of morbidity following cardiac surgery, particularly in older adults. While malnutrition is linked to adverse outcomes, the optimal screening tool for identifying patients at risk of PPCs remains uncertain. This study compared the predictive performance of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form (MNA-SF), Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), and Nutrition Alert Form (NAF) for PPCs in older adults undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled 217 patients aged ≥ 60 years at a tertiary university hospital. Preoperative nutritional status was assessed using the GNRI, MNA-SF, PNI, and NAF. The primary outcome was PPC development during hospitalization. Predictive performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors. Results: PPCs occurred in 86 patients (39.6%). Patients who developed PPCs had significantly higher NAF scores than those who did not (median [IQR]: 7.5 [3–12] vs. 5 [2–8], p < 0.001), whereas GNRI, MNA-SF, and PNI scores did not differ significantly. NAF demonstrated the highest predictive performance (AUC: 0.643, 95% CI: 0.567–0.719), followed by PNI, MNA-SF, and GNRI. However, after adjusting for clinical covariates, none of the nutritional assessment tools remained independently associated with PPCs. Conclusions: Among the four tools evaluated, NAF showed the highest predictive performance among the evaluated nutritional assessment tools; however, its discriminative ability was modest, and none of the nutritional assessment tools remained independently associated with PPCs after multivariable adjustment. Nutritional assessment should complement, rather than replace, established clinical risk factors in perioperative risk stratification.

Why this record is monitored

This record has an Impact Signal of 77/100 based on recency, source, collaboration, and bibliographic signals. It prioritizes monitoring and is not a judgment of research quality.

Related topics: Nutrition and Health in Aging · Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis · Frailty in Older Adults