Trends in Sodium Content of Instant Foods in Thailand, 2018–2021: Progress and Remaining Challenges

Information from the abstract

Introduction: Excess sodium intake is a major risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Thailand has implemented sodium-reduction strategies, including the Salt and Sodium Reduction Strategy (2016-2025), front-of-package labeling, and the Healthier Choice logo. This study aimed to describe trends in sodium content of instant foods sold in Thailand from 2018 to 2021. Methods: tests, with P < .05 considered significant. Results: We analyzed data for 788 products. In 2021, the median (IQR) sodium content was 1,750.0 (1,289.1-2,267.3) mg/100 g, an 11.6% decrease from 2018 (P = .02). Overall, we found significant reductions of sodium in rice porridge/soup, brand C, egg noodles, cup products, and items manufactured in Thailand and China. Conversely, among 57 identical products available in both 2018 and 2021, median sodium content did not change significantly (P = .06); 33.3% decreased, 19.3% increased, and 47.4% were unchanged. The proportion of Healthier Choice products increased from 4.5% in 2018 to 21.1% in 2021 (P < .001), including both noodles and rice porridge/soup. Conclusion: Sodium levels in instant foods in Thailand declined modestly, and Healthier Choice products increased substantially. However, most items remain above World Health Organization benchmarks, with inconsistent reformulation. Revising Healthier Choice criteria, setting mandatory sodium targets, and strengthening monitoring could accelerate sodium reduction and improve cardiovascular health.

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Related topics: Sodium Intake and Health · Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling · Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques