Information from the abstract
High oil and grease (O&G) concentrations in industrial effluents from palm oil processing and biodiesel production severely impair downstream anaerobic digestion (AD) by inhibiting methanogenic microorganisms through long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) toxicity and by constraining the rate-limiting hydrolysis step. Lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens was covalently immobilized on amine-functionalized polyphenylsulfone (APPSU) via glutaraldehyde crosslinking (Schiff-base linkage). Synthesis involved aromatic nitration of PPSU sheets, followed by hydrazine hydrate reduction to introduce primary amine groups (-NH₂), as confirmed by FTIR and a Bradford assay. Under optimal conditions (25 cm² APPSU per L for POME and 16.7 cm² per L for BW; 24 h; 40°C; pH 8), immobilized lipase achieved O&G removal of 42.3% (POME) and 65.2% (BW) with total COD reductions of 38.0% and 62.2%, respectively; free lipase was marginally superior. Immobilized enzymes retained 91.3% of free lipase specific activity and remained above the 50% activity threshold through six successive treatment cycles for POME and five cycles for BW. In biochemical methane potential (BMP) batch assays (35°C, 30 days, n = 2), enzymatic pre-treatment enhanced methane yield by +45.4% (POME, immobilized lipase; specific yield 355 vs. 244 mL CH 4 /g VS_added) and substantially enhanced methane from near-zero for BW (36 to 1,836 mL cumulative; acid demulsification + free lipase; specific yield 235 vs. 4.6 mL CH 4 /g VS_added) relative to untreated controls. The markedly greater absolute and proportional methane enhancement for BW is attributed to its more severe hydrolytic bottleneck, extreme nitrogen deficiency, and lipid-dominated COD with high theoretical methane potential. Considering reusability and operational simplicity, APPSU-immobilized lipase constitutes a technically viable pre-treatment strategy for high-O&G agro-industrial effluents. However, further reduction of enzyme and reagent costs is necessary for large-scale implementation.
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Related topics: Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production · Biodiesel Production and Applications · Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
Thai researcher and institutional participation
Thunwadee Tachapattaworakul Suksaroj · Lalita Bulad · Chaisri Suksaroj · Mahidol University · Hatyai Hospital · Kasetsart University
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