A green synthesis of Sm doped NiO nano catalyst as dual functional material for photocatalytic degradation and electrochemical sensing

Information from the abstract

Samarium-doped nickel oxide (NiO-Sm) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using Raphanus sativus leaf extract as a green reducing and capping agent. NiO nanoparticles showed a characteristic UV–Vis absorption peak at 220 nm with additional bands at 280–322 nm, while Sm doping induced a bathochromic shift to 230 nm and FTIR confirmed metal-oxygen bonding (Sm-O and Ni-O). XRD analysis revealed NiO as the dominant phase with minor cubic Sm 2 O 3 features, and SEM images showed irregular, agglomerated nanoparticles with porous, loosely packed structures in the nano-to-micron range. The Photocatalytic activity of malachite green (MG) dye was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), with three factor Box-Behnken design, evaluating the effects of reaction time, pH, and catalyst dosage. Under optimized conditions (75 min, pH 8, and 30 mg/L catalyst) the NiO-Sm NPs achieved 99% degradation efficiency, in good agreement with the predicted 98% (desirability = 1.0). Statistical validation using ANOVA confirmed the model’s reliability with a high F value (49.90), ( p < 0.0001), and strong correlation coefficients R 2 = 0.9201, adjusted R 2 d = 0.9017, predicted R 2 = 0.8336). The enhanced degradation potential under alkaline conditions was due to increased hydroxyl radical generation and favorable electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged catalyst surface and cationic dye molecules. In addition to photocatalysis, NiO-Sm NPs exhibited promising electrochemical sensing for ascorbic acid detection. These findings demonstrate the NiO-Sm NPs as a dual functional nanomaterial with excellent potential for environmental remediation of organic pollutants as well as electrochemical sensing applications.

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Related topics: Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis · Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication · Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques