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Sporidesmioidesaceae Rajeshk., O. P. Sruthi, Jeewon, Karun., J. F. Li & Wijayaw. fam. nov. Fig. 3 Etymology. Refers to the name of the type genus, Sporidesmioides. Classification. Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota. Description. Saprobic on the plant litter of wood or herbs. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, straight or curved, septate, smooth, brown to dark brown, unbranched, erect, single or caespitose, smooth, thick-walled, cylindrical, arising from a stromatic base akin to pseudoparenchymatous stromata. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, integrated, determinate or percurrent, terminal, sometimes becoming intercalary sympodial, often dark and prominent, cylindrical or doliiform. Conidia acrogenous, solitary, dry, ampulliform to obclavate, rostrate, straight or curved, conicotruncate at the base, septate, brown to dark brown, with paler cells at the end, smooth or verruculose to echinulate, subhyaline at the apex, thick-walled, with or without hyaline sheath at the apex. Conidial secession schizolytic (adopted from Li et al. 2016). Type genus. Sporidesmioides J. F. Li, Phookamsak & K. D. Hyde. Host and distribution. on stem of a dead herb in Thailand (Chiang Rai Province). Notes. Sporidesmioidesaceae, our newly established monotypic family, comprises the single genus Sporidesmioides with the type species S. thailandica. The family is known only from its asexual morph (Li et al. 2016). Morphologically, S. thailandica shows superficial resemblance to species of Neopodoconis and Rostriconidium in conidial shape and pigmentation; however, Sporidesmioidesaceae differs fundamentally in its mode of conidiogenesis, which is strictly polyblastic, whereas Neopodoconis and Rostriconidium exhibit mono or polytretic conidiogenesis. In phylogenetic analyses based on combined LSU, ITS, SSU, tef 1 - α, and rpb 2 gene datasets, S. thailandica forms a distinct clade sister to Roussoellaceae, Thyridariaceae, and Torulaceae, supporting its recognition as a separate family within the order Pleosporales, class Dothideomycetes. When compared with Torulaceae, Sporidesmioidesaceae differs in several key morphological characters. Both families are known only from asexual morphs; however, conidiophores in Torulaceae are erect, subcylindrical, branched or unbranched, and arise from an immersed mycelium, whereas Sporidesmioidesaceae produces erect, cylindrical, and unbranched conidiophores arising from a stromatic base. Conidiogenous cells in Torulaceae are mono or polyblastic, doliiform to ellipsoid or clavate, smooth to verruculose, sometimes cupulate, while those of Sporidesmioidesaceae are strictly polyblastic, integrated, and frequently pigmented. In addition, conidia in Torulaceae are mostly subcylindrical, phragmosporous, brown, septate, and commonly arranged in branched chains, contrasting with the solitary, ampulliform to obclavate conidia of Sporidesmioidesaceae. Sporidesmioidesaceae also differs markedly from Roussoellaceae by well-developed sexual morphs and coelomycetous asexual morphs, whereas Sporidesmioidesaceae is strictly hyphomycetous and lacks a known sexual morph. The asexual morphs of Roussoellaceae are highly variable, with pycnidial, stromatic conidiomata that may be cytoplea-like, melanconiopsis-like, neomelanconium-like, or cyclothyrium-like. In contrast, Sporidesmioidesaceae has mononematous conidiophores. Furthermore, conidiogenous cells in Roussoellaceae are holoblastic, annellidic, discrete, and often hyaline, whereas those in Sporidesmioidesaceae are integrated, polyblastic. Conidia in Roussoellaceae are globose to ellipsoidal and range from hyaline to dark brown, contrasting with the consistently pigmented, pyriform conidia of Sporidesmioidesaceae. In comparison with Thyridariaceae, Sporidesmioidesaceae is distinguished by the absence of sexual morphs and by its hyphomycetous asexual morph. Thyridariaceae typically possesses prominent sexual morphs and cyclothyrium-like asexual morphs with pycnidial conidiomata. Conidiogenous cells in Thyridariaceae are holoblastic or polyblastic, and conidia are generally brown, smooth-walled, and septate, but they are produced within conidiomata rather than directly on conidiophores as in Sporidesmioidesaceae. These diagnostic morphological characters, together with strong multi-gene phylogenetic support, justify the introduction of Sporidesmioidesaceae as a new family within Pleosporales.
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ประเด็นที่เกี่ยวข้อง: Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases · Powdery Mildew Fungal Diseases · Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
บทบาทของนักวิจัยและสถาบันไทย
Nakarin Suwannarach · Chiang Mai University
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