Comparative study of endostatin levels in preeclampsia pregnancy and normal pregnancy

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Objective The primary objective was to compare endostatin levels between patients with preeclampsia and those with normal pregnancies. The secondary objectives comprised comparing endostatin levels in early-onset preeclampsia, late-onset preeclampsia, and normal pregnancies, as well as comparing pregnancy and neonatal outcomes between preeclampsia and normal pregnancies.Methods This cross-sectional analytic study included 68 patients with preeclampsia and 68 normal pregnancies. The groups were matched for gestational age. The study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, from July 2024 to July 2025. Blood samples were collected in non-heparinized tubes and stored at −80 °C until assayed. Maternal endostatin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Maternal and neonatal outcomes were recorded.Results The median serum endostatin level in patients with preeclampsia was not significantly different from that in normal pregnancies (3.45 vs. 4.32 ng/ml, p = 0.304). The median endostatin levels in early-onset preeclampsia and late-onset preeclampsia did not differ from those in normal pregnancies at the same gestational age (2.84 vs. 7.09 ng/ml, p = 0.05, and 3.86 vs. 4.26 ng/ml, p = 0.845, respectively). Patients with preeclampsia had a higher rate of cesarean delivery (63.2% vs. 41.2%, p = 0.01) and a higher rate of composite maternal complications (16.2% vs. 1.5%, p = 0.004) compared to normal pregnancies. Preeclampsia patients had lower neonatal birth weight (2,419 ± 655 vs. 2,903 ± 507 g, p < 0.001) and longer neonatal lengths of stay (median 5 vs. 4 days, p = 0.01) than those in normal pregnancy.Conclusions The endostatin level in patients with preeclampsia was not statistically different from that in normal pregnancies. These research findings refute the hypothesis that serum endostatin levels are higher in preeclampsia. Therefore, serum endostatin levels may not be a reliable biomarker for predicting preeclampsia in this population. Preeclampsia is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

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