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Aureobasidium chiangmaiense Senwanna, Kodchasee, J. Kumla & N. Suwannar. sp. nov. Fig. 10 Etymology. Refers to Chaing Mai Province, where the flowers containing the new fungus were collected. Type. THAILAND • Chiang Mai Province, Mueang District, Chang Phueak, isolated from oleander flower (Nerium oleander; Apocynaceae, Gentianales), Jul 2024, P. Kodchasee, C. Senwanna, J. Kumla and N. Suwannarach, holotype = CMUB 40129 (preserved in metabolically inactive state), living culture (ex-type) = SDBR-CMU 819 = GMBCC 2497 = TBRC 21780. Cultural characteristics. After 14 days of incubation at 25 ° C in the dark, colonies on PDA reaching 50–55 mm diam., surface round with slightly raised, filiform margin, velvety, white to orange gray (5 B 2), with light gray (3 D 1) at the margin; on MEA reaching 40–46 mm diam., surface flat, spreading with entire, filiform margin, velvety, grayish orange (6 B 5), with white to light gray (3 D 1) at the margin; on OA 42–47 mm diam., surface flat, woolly, spreading with filiform, entire margin, light gray (3 D 1) to brownish gray (4 E 2), with light gray (3 D 1) at the margin. Description. Anamorph in vitro dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Vegetative hyphae 3.0–7.0 (– 8.8) μm wide, hyaline to brown, branched, septate, smooth, thin-walled, getting darker and thicker with age, light brown to brown, constricted at the septa, guttulate. Conidiogenous cells 9–10.5 (– 12.5) × 4.2–7.6 μm (x ̄ = 10.2 × 6.0 μm, n = 25), undifferentiated, intercalary, terminal, producing conidia percurrently from indistinct, short lateral denticles, giving rise to conidia that aggregate in a mucoid mass, or differentiated on hyphae, hyaline to light brown. Conidia obovoid to ellipsoidal, fusoid, or subglobose, hyaline to light brown, becoming brown with age, aseptate, occasionally with an indistinct truncated base and a hilum, smooth-walled, guttulate, (3.8 –) 5.2–7.9 (– 11.7) × (2.0 –) 2.8–5.0 (– 8.1) μm (x ̄ = 6.7 × 3.8 μm, n = 160), budding occasionally observed. Chlamydospores (5.5 –) 7–9 (– 11.5) (x ̄ = 8.1 μm, n = 25) µm wide, produced in aerial hyphae, mostly intercalary, in branched chains, globose to subglobose, light to dark brown, smooth-, thick-walled, septate, constricted near the septa. Endoconidia absent. Fermentation of glucose is negative. D - glucose, galactose, sorbose, N - acetyl glucosamine, ribose (weak), xylose, L - arabinose, D - arabinose, L - rhamnose, sucrose, maltose, α - α - trehalose, methyl- α - D - glucoside, cellobiose, salicin (weak), melibiose (weak), lactose, raffinose (weak), melizitose, inulin (weak), glycerol, erythritol (weak), ribitol, glucitol, mannitol, galactitol, myo - inositol (weak), D - glucono- 1, 5 - lactone, D - gluconate, D - glucuronate, D - galacturonic acid, succinate, citrate, ethanol (weak), and xylitol (weak) are assimilated, but soluble starch, DL - lactate, and methanol are not assimilated. Ammonium sulfate, ethylamine hydrochloride, L - lysine, cadaverine, and creatine are assimilated as sole nitrogen sources. Potassium nitrate and sodium nitrite are not assimilated. After 3 weeks, light brown sediment formed in D - glucose, D - galactose, N - acetyl glucosamine, α - α - trehalose, cellobiose, melibiose, melizitose, and glycerol, while dark brown sediment formed in D - xylose, salicin, raffinose, and D - glucono- 1, 5 - lactone. Black sediment formed in erythritol. Cardinal temperatures for growth. Minimum 10 ° C, optimum in the range of 25 ° C to 30 ° C. No growth at 4 ° C and 37 ° C. Additional strains examined. THAILAND • Chiang Mai Province, Mueang District, Chang Phueak, isolated from Persian gentian flower (Exacum affine; Gentianaceae, Gentianales), Jul 2024, P. Kodchasee, C. Senwanna, J. Kumla and N. Suwannarach, living culture = SDBR-CMU 818. Habitat and distribution. Flowers of Exacum affine and Nerium oleander. Known only from northern Thailand. Notes. In the multilocus phylogenetic analyses, A. chiangmaiense SDBR-CMU 818 and SDBR-CMU 819 (ex-type) formed a distinct monophyletic lineage (100 % MLBS and 1.00 BIPP) that was sister to A. musti and A. zhengzhenxiangiae (Fig. 2). The rpb 2 sequences of A. chiangmaiense showed 98.01 % similarity to that of A. musti MCA 7652, differing by 1.99 % (18 / 906 bp, including gaps), and 96.33 % similarity to that of A. zhengzhenxiangiae BRIP 76360 a, differing by 3.67 % (23 / 627 bp, including gaps). The sequences of A. chiangmaiense differed from those of A. musti SDBR-CMU 825 and SDBR-CMU 864 obtained in this study by 3.92 % in rpb 2 (40 / 1,020 bp, including gaps), 9.38 % in tef 1 (21 / 224 bp, including gaps), and 6.60 % in tub (27 / 409 bp, including gaps). However, A. chiangmaiense is distinguishable from A. musti based on differences in colony characteristics. Colonies of A. chiangmaiense are white to orange gray with a light gray margin on PDA and grayish orange with a white to light gray margin on MEA, whereas A. musti forms reddish to purple colonies on PDA and yellow to orange colonies on MEA (Jumbam et al. 2025; this study). Moreover, A. chiangmaiense did not grow at 4 ° C or 37 ° C, whereas A. musti was able to grow at both temperatures. The conidia of A. chiangmaiense are wider (2.0–8.1 µm) than those of A. musti (0.5–4.8 µm) (Jumbam et al. 2025; this study). Nevertheless, morphological and colony comparisons with the type strain of A. zhengzhenxiangiae could not be made owing to the absence of available data (Tan et al. 2026 b). Furthermore, the PHI test confirmed the genetic distinctiveness of A. chiangmaiense, A. musti, and A. zhengzhenxiangiae (Fig. 3). Aureobasidium chiangmaiense can be distinguished from A. musti by its ability to assimilate L - sorbose, D - arabinose, L - rhamnose, salicin, glycerol, erythritol, ribitol, D - mannitol, galactitol, myo - inositol, D - glucono- 1, 5 - lactone, D - gluconate, succinate, ethanol, and xylitol (Jumbam et al. 2025). In addition, A. chiangmaiense differs from A. musti in its inability to assimilate potassium nitrate and sodium nitrite and its ability to assimilate creatine, whereas A. musti can assimilate potassium nitrate and sodium nitrite but not creatine (Jumbam et al. 2025). Based on the combined morphological, physiological, and molecular evidence, A. chiangmaiense is described herein as a new species.
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ประเด็นที่เกี่ยวข้อง: Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions · Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases · Slime Mold and Myxomycetes Research
บทบาทของนักวิจัยและสถาบันไทย
Chanokned Senwanna · Pratthana Kodchasee · Chirayut Kathongthung · Milan C. Samarakoon · Pannida Khunnamwong · Jaturong Kumla · Nakarin Suwannarach · Chiang Mai University · Kasetsart University
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