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Ovophis langbianus sp. nov. Figs 5, 6, 7, Tables 1 –2, Suppl. material 1: figs S 1 – S 3 Partial chresonymy. Ovophis monticola (non Trimeresurus monticola Günther, 1864) — Smith (1943: 508, partim); Campden-Main (1970: 102, partim); Nguyen et al. (2009: 419, partim) Ovophis convictus (non Ovophis convictus Stoliczka, 1870) — Poyarkov and Vasilieva (2011: 192, 214, fig. 5.30, partim). Ovophis tonkinensis (non Ovophis tonkinensis Bourret, 1934) — Nguyen and Poyarkov (2020: 782, partim); Poyarkov et al. (2023: 388–389, partim). Holotype. VRTC NAP-18223 (field tag NAP-18223), adult male, collected from evergreen montane pine forest within the Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Lac Duong Commune, Lam Dong Province, southern Vietnam (12.192724°N, 108.677668°E; elevation 1,510 m asl) by A. M. Bragin on 13 July 2025. Paratypes (n = 5, all from Vietnam). • Lam Dong Province: Bidoup-Nui Ba NP: VRTC NAP-18224 (field tag NAP-18224), subadult female, with the same collection information as the holotype; ZMMU Re-13839 (field tag NAP-00478), adult female, collected from high-elevation elfin montane forest on Mt. Bidoup, within the Bidoup-Nui Ba NP, Lac Duong Commune (12.090903°N, 108.662195°E; elevation 2,230 m asl) by N. A. Poyarkov on 09 May 2009; Di Linh Commune: ZMMU Re-18512 (field tag NAP-12888), adult male, collected from secondary montane polydominant forest at Suoi Lanh Stream, Gung Re Village, Di Linh Commune (11.47117°N, 108.07013°E; elevation 1,190 m asl) by N. A. Poyarkov, P. Pawangkhanant, and H. M. Pham on 07 September 2022; and ZMMU Re-18511 (field tag NAP-14633), adult male collected by H. M. Pham on June 17, 2023, from the same locality as ZMMU Re-18512; • Dak Lak Province: Chu Yang Sin NP: ZMMU Re-14068 (field tag NAP-02669), adult male, collected from polydominant mixed evergreen montane forests on the slope of Mt. Chu Pan Fan, within the Chu Yang Sin NP, Bong Krang Commune (12.37557°N, 108.354057°E; elevation 1,730 m asl) by N. A. Poyarkov on 07 April 2012. Referred material (n = 2, all from Vietnam). • Lam Dong Province: Sui Kat area, D’Ran Commune: NHMUK 1921.5. 4.11, adult male, collected by Malcolm Smith in 1921. • Khanh Hoa Province: Hon Ba NR: ZMMU Re-15709, subadult female, collected by A. B. Vassilleva on 29 June 2018 (12.11250°N, 108.97889°E; elevation 800 m asl). Diagnosis. Ovophis langbianus sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) TaL / TL ratio 0.14–0.18 in males and 0.12–0.14 in females; (2) internasals usually in contact, rarely separated by one small scale; (3) second supralabial bordering loreal pit; (4) dorsal scale rows 25 (21, 23, 27) – 21 (23, 25) – 19 (15, 17); (5) ventrals 129–138; (6) dorsal scales strongly keeled; (7) subcaudals 36–44, all single; (8) fourth supralabial larger than third; (9) dorsal surface of head uniformly dark brown to blackish-brown, lacking distinct markings; (10) sides of head heavily mottled with cream and pale orange; (11) a pair of pale dorsolateral neck stripes present; (12) dorsum yellowish-brown to brown, with a series of dark brown to blackish-brown butterfly-shaped, subquadrate, or irregular blotches; (13) tail brown, bearing scattered whitish spots; and (14) venter cream to off-white, densely mottled with dark brown. Description of holotype. Adult male (Figs 5, 6 A), specimen in good condition. Morphology. Body stout and robust; SVL 298 mm, TaL 50 mm, TL 348 mm, TaL / TL ratio 0.14. Head distinctly triangular in dorsal view, clearly differentiated from neck; HL 16.96 mm, HL / SVL ratio 0.06. Snout blunt and rounded, rostral small, trapezoidal, broader than high, barely visible from above; canthus rostralis indistinct. Eyes small; ED 2.36 mm, SnL 5.08 mm, SnL / ED ratio 2.15. Pupil vertically elliptic. Head scalation. Loreal pit large, deep, triangular. Nostril situated within a large undivided nasal scale. First supralabial separated from nasal by a distinct suture. Second supralabial forming the anterior border of the loreal pit. Preoculars 3 / 3; postoculars 3 / 3. Subocular 1 / 1; subocular separated from the supralabials by one row of small scales. Loreal single. Supralabials 8 / 8, fourth supralabial distinctly larger than third and fifth; infralabials 10 / 10, first pair contacting each other behind mental, first to third in contact with chin shields; mental triangular; one pair of chin shields, meeting in midline. Internasals large, in broad medial contact, not separated by small scales. Supraoculars large, single on each side. Scales on dorsal surface of snout and interorbital region smooth, irregularly arranged; temporal and occipital scales smooth. Body scalation. Dorsal scale rows 25–21 – 19, distinctly keeled except for the outermost row, which is smooth. Ventrals 130; preventrals 1. Cloacal plate entire. Subcaudals 37, all single. Hemipenes. The hemipenes are incompletely everted in situ (Fig. 6). The exposed portions are short and stout and densely covered with spinulate calyces. Because the organs are incompletely everted, the morphology of the lobes and apical ornamentation could not be reliably assessed. In preservative, the hemipenes are pale pink to translucent white. Coloration in life (Figs 5, 7 A). Dorsal surface of head uniformly dark brown to blackish-brown, lacking distinct dorsal markings. Rostral region, supralabials, preocular, postocular, and temporal regions heavily ornamented with cream and pale orange spots and vermiculations, forming a conspicuous mottled pattern on the sides of the head. A pair of narrow pale cream dorsolateral stripes extends from the posterior margin of the head onto the neck. Iris dark grayish-brown with a vertically elliptical pupil. Dorsal ground coloration of body dark brown to grayish brown, with a series of large pale tan to yellowish-brown blotches, mostly butterfly-shaped to subquadrate and separated by broad dark interspaces; the blotches become smaller and less distinct posteriorly. Tail dark brown, bearing scattered cream to whitish spots. Ventral surface cream to off-white, densely mottled with dark brown blotches and speckles, forming irregular transverse markings along the body and tail; chin and throat predominantly cream with scattered dark brown markings. Variation (for detailed information, see Table 1, Fig. 7). The longest known specimen is 474 mm long (SVL 406 mm, TaL 68 mm; adult female, ZMMU Re-13839); the longest known male is 463 mm long (SVL 379 mm, TaL 84 mm; ZMMU Re-14068). Ratio TaL / TL: 0.12–0.18 (0.14–0.18 in males, 0.12–0.14 in females). Body scalation. DSR 25 (21, 23, 27) – 21 (23, 25) – 19 (15, 17); VEN 129–138; SC 36–44. Head scalation. SL 8 (rarely 9); IL: 9 (rarely 10); InN-sep 0 (rarely 1); CEP 5–7; He-SC 18–22. Coloration and pattern. Dorsal ground coloration varies from yellowish-brown to brown. The dorsal blotches are dark brown to blackish-brown and vary from butterfly-shaped to subquadrate or irregular in shape. They also vary in size, degree of fusion, and contrast with the ground coloration. The dorsal surface of the head is generally uniform dark brown to blackish-brown; however, the extent of pale mottling on the lateral surfaces of the head varies among individuals. Cream and pale orange markings on the supralabial, preocular, postocular, and temporal regions range from sparse and fragmented to extensive, forming conspicuous reticulations. The pale dorsolateral stripes on the neck are usually distinct but may vary in width and intensity. The tail bears scattered cream to whitish spots, which vary in size and prominence among specimens. Ventral coloration ranges from cream to grayish-white and is variably mottled with dark brown; the mottling may be sparse and scattered or dense, forming irregular transverse markings on the ventral surfaces of the body and tail. Live specimens generally exhibit warmer coloration, with yellowish-brown to orange-brown dorsal hues and more conspicuous cream to pale orange markings on the sides of the head than preserved specimens. Etymology. The specific epithet “ langbianus ” is a masculine Latin adjective derived from the name of the Langbian Plateau, the broader geographic region containing the type locality and the currently known distribution of the new species. The name highlights the biogeographic isolation of the Langbian Plateau, an important center of montane endemism in Indochina. We suggest the following common names for the new species: “ Langbian Mountain Pitviper ” (in English), “ R ắn l ục núi Langbian ” (in Vietnamese), “ Лангбианский горный щитомордник ” (Langbianskiy gornyi schitomordnik, in Russian), and “ Ovophis de Langbian ” (in French). Comparisons. The main diagnostic characters separating Ovophis langbianus sp. nov. from its congeners are summarized in Table 2. Morphologically, Ovophis langbianus sp. nov. most closely resembles O. tonkinensis. It can be distinguished from the latter by its smaller adult body size (maximum SVL 379 mm in males and 406 mm in females vs. 477 mm in males and 563 mm in females); lower TaL / TL ratio in males (0.14–0.18 [mean 0.16] vs. 0.18–0.21 [mean 0.19]); fewer subcaudals in males (SC 37–44 [mean 38.8] vs. 47–55 [mean 51.1]); absence or rare occurrence of small scales separating the internasals (usually absent, rarely one vs. usually one or two); fewer He-SC (18–21 [mean 19.6] in males and 21–22 [mean 21.7] in females vs. 25–32 [mean 27.6] in males and 25–31 [mean 28.6] in females); fewer infralabials in males (IL 9–10 vs. 10–12); and fewer supralabials (SL 8, rarely 9 vs. 9–10). Ovophis langbianus sp. nov. further differs from O. anitae, O. convictus, O. jenkinsi, O. monticola, O. medogensis, and O. zhaoermii by having undivided subcaudals (vs. paired or predominantly paired). It is additionally distinguished from these species by the fourth supralabial being larger than the third (vs. the third supralabial larger and taller than the fourth). The new species differs from O. makazayazaya by possessing undivi
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ประเด็นที่เกี่ยวข้อง: Amphibian and Reptile Biology · Invertebrate Taxonomy and Ecology · Subterranean biodiversity and taxonomy
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Parinya Pawangkhanant · Chatmongkon Suwannapoom · University of Phayao
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