Information from the abstract
Ship-source oil spills remain a persistent environmental challenge in large ports, particularly in developing maritime states. This study investigates oil spill monitoring and law enforcement in Thailand’s major ports, including Map Ta Phut, Laem Chabang, and Sattahip, with a focus on the interaction among technology, data, institutional coordination, and enforcement. It employs a mixed-methods research design (n = 11), combining qualitative interviews and quantitative expert elicitation. In Phase 1, qualitative data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with eleven purposively selected key stakeholders and analyzed thematically to identify structural, technological, and legal constraints. The findings indicate that advanced monitoring technologies, including satellite-based surveillance, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), real-time sensing systems, AI-based data analytics, digital data management systems, and integrated real-time monitoring platforms, are critical for effective detection and response. In Phase 2, quantitative assessments were conducted with the same group using a five-point Likert scale to evaluate perceived government effectiveness. The findings reveal a clear disparity in enforcement effectiveness across different types of oil spill incidents. Monitoring and response mechanisms for navigation-related accidents were perceived as highly effective (mean = 4.00-4.27). In contrast, effectiveness declined to moderate levels for incidents caused by technical failures and human error (mean = 3.00-3.27). It was rated low for the investigation and prosecution of illegal oil discharges (mean = 2.73). The results highlight a significant enforcement gap between law enforcement practices and the adoption of advanced monitoring technologies, as well as their impact on operational effectiveness, primarily due to limitations in legal frameworks, evidentiary standards, and inter-agency coordination. The study underscores the need to develop integrated policies to enhance technological integration, recognize digital data as admissible legal evidence, and strengthen institutional coordination to meet international standards, thereby improving maritime good governance and sustainable marine development
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Related topics: Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation · Maritime Security and History · Maritime Navigation and Safety
Thai researcher and institutional participation
Siraphum Krataithong · Nannapasorn Inyim · Seree Tuprakay · Piyarat Premanoch · Ramkhamhaeng University
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