ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF Cleistocalyx nervosum VAR. paniala FRUIT EXTRACT ON LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED INFLAMMATION IN MURINE MACROPHAGE (RAW 264.7) CELLS

Information from the abstract

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide, and chronic inflammation plays a critical role in their pathogenesis. Although conventional anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used, their long-term use is associated with adverse effects, highlighting the need for safer therapeutic alternatives. Plant-derived phytochemicals have attracted considerable interest due to their anti-inflammatory properties. Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala, or Ma-Kiang, is a native Thai berry that has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory potential. However, its effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells have not been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the 90% ethanolic extract of Ma-Kiang fruit (MKE) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Based on the preliminary MTT assay results, non-cytotoxic concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 μg/mL, with 100 μg/mL representing the maximum non-cytotoxic concentration, were selected for subsequent anti-inflammatory assays. Cells were pre-treated with MKE at 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL for 1 h, followed by stimulation with LPS (10 ng/mL) for 24 h. MKE at 50 and 100 µg/mL significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated LPS-induced inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. The strongest inhibitory effect was observed at 100 µg/mL, reducing the production of NO (67%), IL-6 (65%), TNF-α (54%), IL-1β (63%), MCP-1 (68%), and PGE2 (76%), along with the downregulation of iNOS and COX-2 expression. These findings demonstrate that MKE exerts significant anti-inflammatory effects; however, because this study was conducted in vitro, further investigations in animal models and human studies are required to confirm its efficacy.

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Related topics: Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants · Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies · Natural Compound Pharmacology Studies