Information from the abstract
Emerging infectious diseases threaten global health security, particularly where integrated human-animal-environment surveillance is limited. In May 2021, Chad reported an influenza-like illness (ILI) outbreak in the Abéché Health District (Ouaddaï Province) following unusual avian mortality. We conducted a One Health investigation from May 1 to June 24, 2021, combining active case finding, a neighborhood-matched case-control study (58 cases, 58 controls) of warthog- and poultry-related exposures, an animal/environmental investigation, and virological testing (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-qPCR] in humans; hemagglutination inhibition in poultry). We identified 210 ILI cases, 77.6% in the Amtiab villages (Abéché Health District); children under 10 were the most affected, with one death (probable encephalitis, age 13). Age under 15 years (odds ratio [OR]=4.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.61-12.55) and contact with a case (OR=4.39, 95% CI: 1.89-10.21) were significantly associated with ILI. RT-qPCR confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 in humans; poultry showed prior mortality and anti-H9N2 antibodies, without an established causal link. This investigation rapidly identified an A(H1N1)pdm09 outbreak in a rural Sahelian setting where human-wildlife-poultry cohabitation and poor sanitation favor zoonotic pathogens. Young age and close contact drove the transmission. Strengthened integrated influenza surveillance and diagnostic capacity are needed in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Related topics: Influenza Virus Research Studies · Zoonotic diseases and public health · Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
Thai researcher and institutional participation
Madina Hadjer · Fatimé Abdelrazack · Mahamat Ali Bolti · Mahamat Fayiz Abakar · Department of Livestock Development
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