L-shell X-ray production cross sections for thick silver targets induced by MeV Cuq+ ions with velocities well below the Ag L-shell Bohr velocity

Information from the abstract

L-shell X-ray emissions from thick silver targets bombarded by Cu q+ ions ( q = 1, 2) at velocities well below the Ag L-electron Bohr velocity were investigated. The L-shell X-ray production cross sections (XPCSs) were determined using the Merzbacher-Lewis thick-target formalism. Noticeable shifts of the X-ray peaks toward higher energies, accompanied by peak broadening, were observed in the X-ray spectra, indicating the presence of multiple ionization (MI) effects. The experimental results were compared with theoretical predictions of direct ionization based on the Plane Wave Born Approximation (PWBA), the Energy-loss, Coulomb-deflection, Perturbed Stationary State, and Relativistic effect (ECPSSR) model, and the binding-energy–modified Binary Encounter Approximation (BEA), each within the frameworks of quasi-molecular orbitals (MO) and the united atom (UA) model. The enhancement of molecular orbital (MO) contribution was observed, corresponding to the radial transition of an electron from the 4pσ to 3pσ orbital during transient diatomic MO formation as a function of the distance of closest approach. A distinct vacancy transfer from the target 3p shell to the projectile 2p shell through radial coupling gave rise to L-shell X-ray emission from the projectile (Cu). Overall, the experimental data were best reproduced by the BEA-MO model corrected for multiple ionization effects.

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Related topics: X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis · Ion-surface interactions and analysis · Atomic and Molecular Physics