Dietary supplementation with ethanolic extract of Jinda-red pepper (Capsicum frutescens) enhances growth performance, hematological and biochemical responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Information from the abstract

Dietary supplementation with Jinda-red pepper (Capsicum frutescens) ethanolic extract was evaluated in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings (0.62±0.02 g). Jinda-red pepper ethanolic extract was applied to a commercial diet by spraying at 0, 50, 100, and 200 mL kg-1 diet (approximately 0, 0.73, 1.46, and 2.92 g crude extract kg-1 diet, respectively), producing four experimental treatments. The feeding trial lasted for 56 days, and survival rates remained comparable across treatments. Fish fed a commercial diet sprayed with 50 mL kg-1 of Jinda-red pepper ethanolic extract showed the most favorable growth response, with no significant difference from fish fed 100 mL kg-1. All supplemented groups showed lower feed intake and feed conversion ratios than the control treatment. Fish receiving 50 mL kg-1 of Jinda-red pepper ethanolic extract showed the highest condition factor and the lowest carcass lipid content, with relatively high carcass protein. Higher supplementation levels produced stronger hematological and biochemical responses, with red blood cell and white blood cell counts highest at 100-200 mL kg-1 and hematocrit highest at 100 mL kg-1. Serum protein fractions and glucose generally increased with supplementation level, whereas serum alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities remained unaffected. These findings indicate that a 50 mL kg-1 diet was the most favorable level for growth and feed utilization, whereas higher supplementation levels elicited stronger hematological and biochemical responses without additional growth benefits.

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Related topics: Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth · Aquaculture disease management and microbiota · Animal Nutrition and Physiology