This bibliographic and documentary review synthesizes barriers facing agricultural extension in Mozambique, including finance, staffing, infrastructure, mobility, technology adoption and climate vulnerability. It recommends participatory learning and coordination among government, universities, private actors and communities.
Key findings
- Constraints interact across levels: inadequate budgets and staffing, lack of vehicles, fuel, roads and equipment, limited technology access, and exposure to droughts, floods and cyclones. Participatory approaches such as Farmer Field Schools appear promising but still require resources and institutional support.
Why this matters globally
The topic directly concerns food security, climate adaptation and rural development in lower-income settings. The review offers a framework for comparing agricultural extension systems across Global South contexts.
Thai researcher contribution
OpenAlex links Natália Raúl Maconhere Passanduca to Nation University for this record. Because the publisher exposes limited affiliation detail, the Thai role should be described as a bibliographic institutional link rather than Thai fieldwork.
Limitations to consider
The study relies on secondary sources without direct farmer or extension-worker data. It does not provide a reproducible selection flow, final evidence count or formal quality appraisal, leaving selection bias and preventing estimates of policy effect size.