This experimental study evaluated liquid- and solid-form graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in concrete across 24–42 MPa strength classes. The 0.1% liquid-GQD formulation performed best, increasing compressive, splitting-tensile, and flexural strength while reducing water absorption and porosity. BET results suggest that GQDs modified pore-structure evolution rather than acting only as fillers.
Key findings
- The 0.1% liquid-GQD mix improved 28-day compressive strength by up to about 32%, splitting tensile strength by 36%, and flexural strength by about 18% versus controls. Water absorption and porosity declined by roughly 25% and 32%, mesopore volume fell by about 43%, and acid resistance improved under the test conditions.
Why this matters globally
Construction needs longer-lasting materials without escalating resource use and maintenance. This study offers a nanoengineering route to densify cement structure, but global value depends on whether service-life gains outweigh GQD production energy, cost, and environmental impacts.
Thai researcher contribution
Chulalongkorn University and Thammasat University jointly investigated mechanisms and concrete performance, demonstrating Thai expertise in green construction materials, civil engineering, and nanomaterials.
Limitations to consider
Evidence is limited to material-scale controlled tests including 28-day strength. Full structures, multiyear exposure, fatigue, shrinkage, creep, rebar corrosion, large-batch dispersion, cost, and life-cycle performance were not established. Worker and environmental nanomaterial safety also requires assessment.