The study proposes a Stepped Leader framework in which sustainability engagement progresses from awareness and motivation to implementation and behavioral advocacy, with gamification dependent on organizational context.
Key findings
- Sustainability awareness was neither necessary nor sufficient. Gamified motivation and organizational support preceded system usability and team collaboration. Behavioral advocacy depended on the convergence of ease of implementation, team collaboration and perceived guest impact; no single factor was sufficient alone.
Why this matters globally
The framework shifts gamification design away from isolated points and rewards toward phased integration with workflow, teams and user experience.
Thai researcher contribution
Researchers from three Thai institutions contributed a framework for sustainability behavior in hospitality and tourism.
Limitations to consider
Missing public detail on sample and analysis prevents appraisal of strength, representativeness and reproducibility. Necessary and sufficient should be interpreted only within the original model and dataset.