Numerical modelling at Reynolds numbers 10,000-50,000 found that a 30-degree wing angle maximised vortex-dimple interaction, raising average Nusselt number 36.2% and thermal performance factor 12.1% over baseline, while friction factor rose 61.9%.
Key findings
- At 30 degrees, local Nu/Nu0 reached about 4.0-4.5 and average heat transfer rose 36.2%. Friction increased 61.9%, yet the combined thermal performance factor remained 12.1% above baseline.
Why this matters globally
Battery temperature control affects EV safety, life and charging; the work offers design guidance for compact air cooling that may be simpler than liquid systems.
Thai researcher contribution
Researchers at Prince of Songkla University and KMITL developed the thermo-hydraulic analysis and characterised vortex-recirculation synergy.
Limitations to consider
This is numerical work with no reported channel or battery-pack experiment. Material, roughness, heat-generation, fan and transient assumptions may change real performance.