A mixed-methods study surveyed 316 students and 210 teachers at four Chinese universities, then used expert interviews and a focus group to develop competency guidelines for ice-and-snow majors spanning technical, teaching, industry, digital, support and collaboration dimensions.
Key findings
- The final framework covered training objectives, competency modules and pathways, implementation safeguards and collaboration mechanisms, including industry, digital skills, dual-teacher development and regional differentiation.
Why this matters globally
Winter-sport industries require curricula connected to practice and employers. The framework offers a structure that other institutions can adapt and evaluate.
Thai researcher contribution
Bangkokthonburi University authors contributed to a cross-border sport-education framework grounded in Chinese universities.
Limitations to consider
Descriptive and consensus methods do not psychometrically validate the competency structure. The curriculum was not implemented, and student, employer or workplace outcomes were not measured.