A scientometric review mapped 846 Scopus records on limestone calcined clay cement, covering keywords, authors, journals, institutions, and highly cited publications. Research intensity rose from 2020 onward, while material optimization, structural implications, and industrial scale-up remain gaps.
Key findings
- LC3 research accelerated after 2020, reflecting growing attention to material and application questions. The literature covers partial clinker replacement with calcined kaolinitic clay and limestone, but optimization, structural performance, and large-scale production evidence remain incomplete.
Why this matters globally
Cement production is emissions intensive. Reducing clinker with accessible clay and limestone may lower carbon and pressure on high-grade resources. This map can guide research priorities, but decisions require local performance testing and lifecycle assessment.
Thai researcher contribution
A researcher from KMITL's green and sustainable infrastructure center contributed to the global synthesis and to gaps relevant to developing countries with different raw materials and construction standards.
Limitations to consider
Reliance on Scopus may omit papers, industry reports, standards, and local-language work. Citation counts are biased by age and networks, while bibliometrics does not assess experimental quality or pool strength, durability, and carbon outcomes quantitatively.