This review synthesises protein-, carbohydrate-, lignin- and tannin-derived wood adhesives, arguing that functional-group density, crosslinking efficiency and network topology govern performance. Hybrid networks may reduce hydrophilicity and strengthen bonding, while sustainability depends on biogenic carbon and lower fossil crosslinker use. The abstract does not describe a systematic review or meta-analysis.
Key findings
- Protein adhesives use hydrogen and covalent bonding but need modification for hydrothermal stability. Carbohydrates exploit hydroxyl chemistry through oxidation, esterification and etherification. Lignin/tannins can partly replace phenol and support low- or no-formaldehyde formulations. Protein-carbohydrate and lignin-modified networks improve crosslink density, hydrophobicity and mechanics. Reviewed LCAs trend toward lower GWP/VOCs with more biogenic carbon and fewer fossil crosslinkers.
Why this matters globally
Wood panels and furniture consume substantial fossil resin and can emit VOCs. Durable biomass-derived adhesives could lower building and forestry impacts, provided burdens are not shifted to land, water, energy or crosslinking chemicals.
Thai researcher contribution
KMITL Chumphon and Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon researchers produced a design-oriented synthesis relevant to Thailand's biomass and materials sectors.
Limitations to consider
The abstract gives no search strategy, databases, eligibility criteria, quality appraisal or study count, leaving selection bias and precluding quantitative synthesis. LCAs may differ in functional unit and boundary. Laboratory formulation performance does not establish factory or building durability.