The review charts the shift from culture methods to 16S sequencing in studies of ageing, frailty and oral hypofunction. Recurring patterns are hypothesis-generating, but sampling, pipeline and confounding differences preclude a clinic-ready microbiome signature.
Key findings
- The review charts the shift from culture methods to 16S sequencing in studies of ageing, frailty and oral hypofunction. Recurring patterns are hypothesis-generating, but sampling, pipeline and confounding differences preclude a clinic-ready microbiome signature.
Why this matters globally
This work adds internationally comparable evidence in Health sciences and defines questions for replication in other populations or systems. Its global value lies in the evidence and transferable reasoning, not in a single impact score.
Thai researcher contribution
Thailand-linked authors and Khon Kaen University, Chulalongkorn University contribute to the research network behind this work. Thai participation is identified from bibliographic affiliations and should be checked against the author list and source article.
Limitations to consider
Conclusions inherit the quality, definitions and completeness of included studies; heterogeneity and publication bias can distort pooled impressions.