This review traces optical point-of-care biosensors from plasmonic materials, quantum dots, MOFs and MXenes that amplify signals and lower detection limits to integration with microfluidics, AI and the Internet of Medical Things. Discussed formats include lab-on-chip, hospital-on-chip, wearable, skin-embedded and tattoo sensors for continuous monitoring. Green nanotechnology and self-powered triboelectric systems are proposed to reduce energy and environmental burdens, while a large prototype-to-clinic gap remains.
Key findings
- Nanomaterials enhance light-matter interaction, microfluidics reduces sample needs, AI aids interpretation, and IoMT enables monitoring. Wearable and embedded formats extend continuous sensing, but scale-up, biocompatibility and clinical implementation remain bottlenecks.
Why this matters globally
Decentralized diagnostics could shorten delays and expand chronic and emergency care where central laboratories are limited, provided quality standards and secure connectivity are established.
Thai researcher contribution
Vishal Chaudhary and Pradeep Bhadola are affiliated with Mahidol University and contribute to the synthesis linking nanomaterials with autonomous diagnostic systems.
Limitations to consider
This broad review lacks reported search and selection methods and may favor optimistic prototypes. Lower detection limits in buffer do not guarantee clinical sensitivity or specificity. Cost, failure rates, calibration, cybersecurity and regulatory evidence remain fragmented.
Verify the original sources
ElectronRead the original article↗DOI: 10.1002/elt2.70043