Following PRISMA, the review assessed literature from 2010–2026 on spectroscopy, imaging and sensor-based approaches integrated with AI and big-data analytics. The combination improves detection, classification and monitoring, while challenges remain in standardization, cost, interpretability and regulation.
Key findings
- Nondestructive techniques enable rapid assessment without damaging samples
- AI improves sensitivity and classification accuracy
- Big-data analytics supports predictive modeling and traceability
Why this matters globally
The approach could strengthen food quality control, consumer safety and supply-chain traceability.
Thai researcher contribution
A researcher affiliated with Chulalongkorn University contributed to the study.
Limitations to consider
The evidence base remains heterogeneous and faces standardization, equipment-cost, model-interpretability and regulatory challenges.