Nano-enabled seed nano-priming and nano-encapsulation strategies for enhancing crop performance under abiotic stress
The review covers metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles, halloysite nanotubes and chitosan systems for seed nano-priming, alongside nano-encapsulation of nutrients, growth regulators and biopesticides. Proposed mechanisms include stress-response activation, antioxidant enzymes, nutrient mobilisation and controlled release.